As a consequence of the international economic crisis of 1929, far-reaching innovations were adopted in the development of economic thought and in the idiom and style of management in various countries . In the U.S.A., J. M. Keynes' theory of the social state prevailed while in totalitarian regimes, such as those of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy, the most popular ideas were those which eliminated the function of the market in capitalist societies.
In the case of Greece, the Asia Minor Catastrophe and the subsequent crisis in public finances, the problems - both economic and social - resulting from the resettlement of refugees, the dramatic devaluation of currency and inflation, placed the issue of the country's economic recovery at the top of the agenda. The new forms of idiom, particularly put forward in the 1930s, were characterized by the abandonment of classical economic theory and the adoption of ideas for the expansion of state interventionism.