The frequency of political change in the period 1923-36 did not allow the formation of a uniform political idiom for society separate from that of Eleftherios Venizelos of his four-year term 1928-32. The policy of Venizelos for urban modernization was not limited to state organization, nor was it ever codified in a single charter. It was formulated in a varied series of texts spread over the last years of his government, that is, in the early 1930s. As has been accurately pointed out, the most complete impression emerges in the area of land-planning, town-planning and of welfare generally (employment, health). It is evident that the catalyst in such a process of state intervention and social restructuring was the refugees issue and the need to settle the unusual problems this had caused.